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COVID-19 immune signatures reveal stable antiviral T cell function despite declining humoral responses
- Source :
- Immunity, 354.e6, United States
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Cellular and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to control primary infection and correlates with severity of disease. The role of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity, its relationship to antibodies, and pre-existing immunity against endemic coronaviruses (huCoV), which has been hypothesized to be protective, were investigated in 82 healthy donors (HDs), 204 recovered (RCs), and 92 active COVID-19 patients (ACs). ACs had high amounts of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike IgG but lymphopenia and overall reduced antiviral T cell responses due to the inflammatory milieu, expression of inhibitory molecules (PD-1, Tim-3) as well as effector caspase-3, -7, and -8 activity in T cells. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity conferred by polyfunctional, mainly interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells remained stable throughout convalescence, whereas humoral responses declined. Immune responses toward huCoV in RCs with mild disease and strong cellular SARS-CoV-2 T cell reactivity imply a protective role of pre-existing immunity against huCoV.<br />Graphical Abstract<br />COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic infection to multiorgan failure, but data on cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 during disease and beyond are lacking. Bonifacius et al. show a beneficial effect of preexisting immunity to endemic coronaviruses during disease and stable cellular immunity with concomitant decrease of humoral responses early during convalescence.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Adult
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Male
Programmed cell death
T cell
Immunology
Medizin
chemokine receptors
Biology
Antibodies, Viral
Article
03 medical and health sciences
Chemokine receptor
Young Adult
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Immunity
humoral immunity
antibody
medicine
Immunology and Allergy
Humans
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Immunity, Cellular
Effector
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
convalescence
Middle Aged
biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition
endemic human coronavirus
Immunity, Humoral
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Infectious Diseases
cell death
caspases
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Humoral immunity
biology.protein
Female
Antibody
antiviral T cell immunity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Immunity, 354.e6, United States
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4a05a07241936a2fb85c53edecb1ca88