IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AS A METHOD FOR INCREASING THE DETECTION OF PROSTATE CANCER IN PRIMARY BIOPSY

Morphological manifestations of prostate cancer (PCa) in 15–20% of cases are similar to those with benign hyperplastic processes in prostate tissue and/or with a histological pattern of atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP). The purpose of this study is a comparative study of the detection of prostate cancer in biopsy material using a review morphological analysis and immunohistochemistry with the use of monoclonal antibodies to the nuclear p63 protein, high molecular weight cytokeratins of clone 34βE12 and α-methylacyl-CoA-racemase. Materials and methods . The method of the study was a retrospective analysis of the findings on the review morpholog­ical and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyzes of biopsy material of 428 patients who were examined and treated in the urological hospital for the period from 2013 to 2017. Results . Almost half of the cases of ASAP, determined by routine histological examination of biopsy specimens with hematoxylin-eosin staining, in the process of IHC analysis using monoclonal antibodies to the nuclear protein p63, cyto­keratins of clone 34βE12 and α-methylacyl-CoA racemase were verified for prostate cancer. The number of histological findings on benign prostatic hyperplasia detected in routinely stained preparations decreased by 12.38% in favor of the histological diagnosis of prostate cancer after the IHC study. Conclusion . Immunohistochemical analysis of biopsy material using monoclonal antibodies to nuclear p63, high-molec­ular cytokeratins of clone 34βE12 and α-methylacyl-CoA racemase for suspected prostate cancer: firstly, specifies the micromorphological picture and demasks prostate cancer; secondly, it increases the detectability of prostate cancer; thirdly, it reduces the occurrence of false-negative results.