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Evolution of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Iran, 2017–2019
- Source :
- Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 68:3405-3414
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Hindawi Limited, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Since its first detection in 1998, avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 has been enzootic in Iran. To better understand the evolutionary history of H9N2 viruses in Iran, we sequenced 15 currently circulating H9N2 viruses from domestic poultry during 2017-2019 and performed phylogenetic analysis of complete genome sequences. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the Iranian H9N2 viruses formed multiple well-supported monophyletic groups within the G1-lineage of H9N2 virus. Our analysis of viral population dynamics revealed an increase in genetic diversity until 2007, corresponding to the multiple introductions and diversification of H9N2 viruses into multiple genetic groups (named Iran 1-4 subgroups), followed by a sudden decrease after 2008. Only the Iran 4 subgroup has survived, expanded, and currently circulates in Iran. The H9N2 viruses possessed many molecular markers associated with mammalian adaption in all gene segments, except neuraminidase gene. Considering the presence of mammalian host-specific markers, the public health threat of H9N2 viruses continues. Molecular analysis showed that Iranian H9N2 strains have continued to evolve and recent strains have multiple amino acid changes and addition of potential N-glycosylation on the antigenic sites of haemagglutinin. Continued antigenic and molecular surveillance of H9N2 viruses in poultry and mammals would be required to monitor further increments in viral evolution and their potential threat to public health.
- Subjects :
- 040301 veterinary sciences
animal diseases
viruses
Population
Iran
medicine.disease_cause
Poultry
Virus
Evolution, Molecular
0403 veterinary science
03 medical and health sciences
Phylogenetics
Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype
medicine
Animals
education
Phylogeny
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
Genetic diversity
education.field_of_study
General Veterinary
General Immunology and Microbiology
Phylogenetic tree
biology
food and beverages
virus diseases
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
General Medicine
Virology
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
Influenza in Birds
Viral evolution
biology.protein
Chickens
Neuraminidase
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 18651682 and 18651674
- Volume :
- 68
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4760135674539045f61b60d5430bd4b0