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Short Communication: HIV+ Viremic Slow Progressors Maintain Low Regulatory T Cell Numbers in Rectal Mucosa but Exhibit High T Cell Activation
- Source :
- AIDS research and human retroviruses, vol 29, iss 1
- Publication Year :
- 2013
- Publisher :
- Mary Ann Liebert Inc, 2013.
-
Abstract
- Viremic slow progressors (VSP) are a rare subset of HIV-infected persons who exhibit slow immunologic progression despite high viremia. The mechanisms associated with this slow progression remain to be defined. Clinical characteristics of VSP are similar to those of natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), such as sooty mangabeys (SM) and African green monkeys (AGM), who maintain near-normal CD4 counts despite high-level viremia but maintain low immune activation. Immune activation is a powerful predictor of disease progression, and we hypothesized that low immune activation might also explain the VSP phenotype. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, we assessed levels of T cell activation and regulatory T cells (Treg) in blood and rectal mucosa of VSP, typical progressors, virologic controllers, and seronegative controls. We also assessed Treg function and CD4 T cell proliferative capacity in VSP. Contrary to expectations, we found that VSP subjects have high levels of T cell activation in the gastrointestinal mucosa. The ratio of Treg to CD3+ T cells in the mucosa of VSP was relatively low, potentially contributing to increased immune activation. Nonetheless, CD4+CD25- T cells isolated from these individuals displayed a comparatively weak proliferative response to anti-CD3 stimulation. These data reveal that the VSP phenotype is associated with elevated markers of mucosal immune activation and low numbers of mucosal Treg, suggesting that factors other than immune activation account for this phenotype.
- Subjects :
- Regulatory T cell
T-Lymphocytes
CD3
T cell
Clinical Sciences
Immunology
HIV Infections
chemical and pharmacologic phenomena
Viremia
Pathogenesis
Lymphocyte Activation
medicine.disease_cause
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Intestinal mucosa
Clinical Research
Virology
medicine
Humans
2.1 Biological and endogenous factors
Lymphocyte Count
IL-2 receptor
Intestinal Mucosa
Aetiology
biology
Inflammatory and immune system
Rectum
Viral Load
Simian immunodeficiency virus
medicine.disease
Regulatory
Infectious Diseases
medicine.anatomical_structure
Disease Progression
biology.protein
HIV/AIDS
Viral load
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19318405 and 08892229
- Volume :
- 29
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....46a273a2adc57a6147eedeef02657ad4