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Characterization of cylindrospermopsin chlorination
- Source :
- Science of the Total Environment, Science of the Total Environment, Elsevier, 2010, epub ahead of print. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.033⟩, Science of the Total Environment, Elsevier, 2010, 408 (16), pp.3433-3442. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.033⟩
- Publication Year :
- 2010
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2010.
-
Abstract
- In temperate countries, the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms threatens drinking water resources. Consequently, cyanotoxins are increasingly considered in water treatment, and their reactions with chlorine used to disinfect drinking water are particularly investigated. This study presents new elements for further understanding of cylindrospermopsin chlorination, through reactants and by-products monitoring, UV spectrum examination, and cytotoxicity assessment on human intestinal Caco-2 cells. On the one hand, the evolution of mixture UV spectrum indicated that cylindrospermopsin was quickly transformed at least into one intermediate by-product. While mass spectrometry experiments confirmed that cylindrospermopsin was almost totally transformed within 5 min, chlorine was consumed up to 20 min after the beginning of the reaction with a rate of 5 mol per mol of toxin. Then, LC-MS analysis gave rise to the formation of a third cylindrospermopsin by-product in addition to 5-chloro-cylindrospermopsin and cylindrospermopsic acid previously identified. Thanks to the accurate mass measurement provided by the LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, this new and stable chlorination by-product was assigned the chemical formula C(13)H(18)N(4)O(7)S. On the other hand, both of the mitochondrial and lysosomal activities measured on Caco-2 cells revealed that cylindrospermopsin chlorination significantly decreases mixture cytotoxicity.
- Subjects :
- Cyanobacteria
Environmental Engineering
Cytotoxicity
Bacterial Toxins
chemistry.chemical_element
010501 environmental sciences
Mass spectrometry
01 natural sciences
Mass Spectrometry
chemistry.chemical_compound
Alkaloids
Disinfection by-products
[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Spectrophotometry
Chlorine
medicine
Humans
[CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Chlorination
Environmental Chemistry
Uracil
Waste Management and Disposal
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Drinking water treatment
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Chromatography
Cyanobacteria Toxins
biology
medicine.diagnostic_test
Chemistry
010401 analytical chemistry
Cyanotoxin
biology.organism_classification
Pollution
LC-MS
0104 chemical sciences
Cylindrospermopsin
[SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Water treatment
Caco-2 Cells
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00489697 and 18791026
- Volume :
- 408
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Science of The Total Environment
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....469fdc723dca25d945575cefa4b72ee2