Real-time monitoring shows substantial excess all-cause mortality during second wave of COVID-19 in Europe, October to December 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global pandemic is ongoing, with Europe and the Americas the current epicentres of transmission. As at 1 January, 2021, over 82 million cases and 1.8 million deaths have been reported globally [1,2]. In Europe alone, the number of cases reported has now passed 26 million, with over 580,000 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 deaths [3,4]. As many COVID-19 cases and deaths may not be confirmed by virological testing, and as the pandemic causes a range of indirect and collateral harms, the officially reported figures of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths represent only a part of the total disease, mortality and overall public health burden associated with the pandemic. Here we report some noteworthy estimates of a marked increase in excess all-cause mortality in Europe coinciding with a steep second wave of COVID-19 in many countries since September 2020.