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Antibody and cytokine levels in visceral leishmaniasis patients with varied parasitemia before, during, and after treatment in patients admitted to Arba Minch General Hospital, southern Ethiopia
- Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009632 (2021), PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021.
-
Abstract
- Background Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by disseminated Leishmania donovani infection which affects almost half a million people annually. Most of the patients are reported from the Indian sub-continent, Eastern Africa and Brazil. In this study, we aimed to determine the levels of antibodies and cytokines in visceral leishmaniasis patients and to examine associations of parasitemia with the clinical states of patients. A prospective study was carried out, enrolling a total of 48 active VL patients who were evaluated before, during different time points and, three months after treatment. Serum cytokine concentrations, antibody levels, parasitemia, laboratory (hematologic and biochemical) measurements, and clinical parameters were assessed. Results Counts of WBC and platelets, and measurements of hemoglobin (Hb) increased during treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Elevated levels of circulating IL-10, IFN-γ, and TGF-β1 were measured before treatment. The observed increase in serum IL-10 remarkably declined within 7 days after the start of treatment. Anti-leishmanial antibody index (AI) was high in all VL patients irrespective of spleen aspirate parasite grade before treatment and at different times during treatment. However, a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease of AI was observed 120 days post-treatment. IL-2 serum levels were below the detection limit at all sampling points. Conclusions The present results suggest that IL-10, IFN-γ, and TGF-β1 can be used as markers of active visceral leishmaniasis. In addition, measuring circulating cytokines concentrations, particularly IL-10, in combination with other clinical evaluations, could be used as criteria for the cure. The observation that a high serum concentration of IFN-gamma at baseline was associated with low parasitemia deserves further investigations.<br />Author summary Visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar) is a neglected tropical disease that occurs in widely dispersed areas of the world, including Ethiopia. Parasites in the Leishmania donovani complex are responsible for causing visceral leishmaniasis. The condition is difficult to diagnose and treat. We investigated how the immune response generated during follow-up treatment periods of active VL before, during, and post-treatment was influenced by the presence of different cytokines. It is important to identify possible immunological biomarkers that could be correlated with patients’ clinical and parasitological presentation as well as the response patterns to treatment in VL patients of southwestern Ethiopia.
- Subjects :
- Male
Physiology
Quantitative Parasitology
medicine.medical_treatment
RC955-962
Cancer Treatment
Antibodies, Protozoan
Parasitemia
Gastroenterology
Medical Conditions
Zoonoses
Immune Physiology
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Prospective Studies
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays
Child
Prospective cohort study
Leishmaniasis
Innate Immune System
biology
Cytokine Therapy
Middle Aged
Interleukin-10
Infectious Diseases
Cytokine
Oncology
Child, Preschool
Cytokines
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
Female
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Antibody
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
Immunology
Leishmania donovani
Research and Analysis Methods
Hospitals, General
Parasite Replication
Transforming Growth Factor beta1
Interferon-gamma
Young Adult
Antibody Therapy
Internal medicine
Parasitic Diseases
medicine
Humans
Immunoassays
Protozoan Infections
business.industry
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Biology and Life Sciences
Molecular Development
Tropical Diseases
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Visceral leishmaniasis
Immune System
Immunologic Techniques
biology.protein
Clinical Immunology
Parasitology
Ethiopia
Clinical Medicine
business
Developmental Biology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19352735
- Volume :
- 15
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4575b42edeeb3e2787bce9fe34b4e5ac