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Chondroitin Sulfate in USA Dietary Supplements in Comparison to Pharma Grade Products: Analytical Fingerprint and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Human Osteoartritic Chondrocytes and Synoviocytes
- Source :
- Pharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 737, p 737 (2021), Pharmaceutics, Volume 13, Issue 5
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The biological activity of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine (GlcN) food supplements (FS), sold in USA against osteoarthritis, might depend on the effective CS and GlcN contents and on the CS structural characteristics. In this paper three USA FS were compared to two pharmaceutical products (Ph). Analyses performed by HPAE-PAD, by HPCE and by SEC-TDA revealed that the CS and GlcN titers were up to −68.8% lower than the contents declared on the labels and that CS of mixed animal origin and variable molecular weights was present together with undesired keratan sulfate. Simulated gastric and intestinal digestions were performed in vitro to evaluate the real CS amount that may reach the gut as biopolymer. Chondrocytes and synoviocytes primary cells derived from human pathological joints were used to assess: cell viability, modulation of the NF-κB, quantification of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP-2), hyaluronate synthase enzyme (HAS-1), pentraxin (PTX-3) and the secreted IL-6 and IL-8 to assess inflammation. Of the three FS tested only one (US FS1) enhanced chondrocytes viability, while all of them supported synoviocytes growth. Although US FS1 proved to be less effective than Ph as it reduced NF-kB, it could not down-regulate COMP-2<br />HAS-1 was up-regulated but with a lower efficacy. Inflammatory cytokines were markedly reduced by Ph while a slight decrease was only found for US-FS1.
- Subjects :
- Inflammation biomarker
capillary electrophoresis (HPCE)
Keratan sulfate
medicine.drug_class
Pharmaceutical Science
Pharmacology
Article
Anti-inflammatory
Proinflammatory cytokine
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Pharmacy and materia medica
0302 clinical medicine
Glucosamine
medicine
Viability assay
Chondroitin sulfate
Anion exchange chromatography (HPAE‐PAD)
030304 developmental biology
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein
0303 health sciences
biology
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC‐TDA)
Human primary cells of pathological joint
human primary cells of pathological joints
food supplements (FS)
pharmaceutical grade CS
size exclusion chromatography (SEC-TDA)
In vitro
inflammation biomarkers
RS1-441
chemistry
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
biology.protein
anion exchange chromatography (HPAE-PAD)
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19994923
- Volume :
- 13
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Pharmaceutics
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4545fa795e036c7d7b1d9a463e0ddca2