Back to Search
Start Over
Potential Interactions between Clade SUP05 Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria and Phages in Hydrothermal Vent Sponges
- Source :
- Appl Environ Microbiol
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- American Society for Microbiology, 2019.
-
Abstract
- In deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the clade SUP05 are crucial symbionts of invertebrate animals. Marine viruses, as the most abundant biological entities in the ocean, play essential roles in regulating the sulfur metabolism of the SUP05 bacteria. To date, vent sponge-associated SUP05 and their phages have not been well documented. The current study analyzed microbiomes of Haplosclerida sponges from hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough and recovered the dominant SUP05 genome, designated VS-SUP05. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VS-SUP05 was closely related to endosymbiotic SUP05 strains from mussels living in deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields. Homology and metabolic pathway comparisons against free-living and symbiotic SUP05 strains revealed that the VS-SUP05 genome shared many features with the deep-sea mussel symbionts. Supporting a potentially symbiotic lifestyle, the VS-SUP05 genome contained genes involved in the synthesis of essential amino acids and cofactors that are desired by the host. Analysis of sponge-associated viral sequences revealed putative VS-SUP05 phages, all of which were double-stranded viruses belonging to the families Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and Microviridae. Among the phage sequences, one contig contained metabolic genes (iscR, iscS, and iscU) involved in iron-sulfur cluster formation. Interestingly, genome sequence comparison revealed horizontal transfer of the iscS gene among phages, VS-SUP05, and other symbiotic SUP05 strains, indicating an interaction between marine phages and SUP05 symbionts. Overall, our findings confirm the presence of SUP05 bacteria and their phages in sponges from deep-sea vents and imply a beneficial interaction that allows adaptation of the host sponge to the hydrothermal vent environment. IMPORTANCE Chemosynthetic SUP05 bacteria dominate the microbial communities of deep-sea hydrothermal vents around the world, SUP05 bacteria utilize reduced chemical compounds in vent fluids and commonly form symbioses with invertebrate organisms. This symbiotic relationship could be key to adapting to such unique and extreme environments. Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on the planet and have been identified in hydrothermal vent environments. However, their interactions with the symbiotic microbes of the SUP05 clade, along with their role in the symbiotic system, remain unclear. Here, using metagenomic sequence-based analyses, we determined that bacteriophages may support metabolism in SUP05 bacteria and play a role in the sponge-associated symbiosis system in hydrothermal vent environments.
- Subjects :
- Sulfur metabolism
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Genome
03 medical and health sciences
Hydrothermal Vents
Marine bacteriophage
Symbiosis
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Invertebrate Microbiology
Animals
Bacteriophages
Phylogeny
030304 developmental biology
Genetics
Chemosynthesis
0303 health sciences
Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria
Ecology
biology
030306 microbiology
Microbiota
fungi
biology.organism_classification
Porifera
Horizontal gene transfer
bacteria
Metagenomics
Oxidation-Reduction
Genome, Bacterial
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Sulfur
Bacteria
Food Science
Biotechnology
Hydrothermal vent
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10985336 and 00992240
- Volume :
- 85
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....451ed9d1956dffb0e40647a836ce15d1