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Seroepidemiologic investigation of an outbreak of pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 aboard a US Navy Vessel—San Diego, 2009
- Source :
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
- Publication Year :
- 2013
- Publisher :
- John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2013.
-
Abstract
- Background During summer 2009, a US Navy ship experienced an influenza-like illness outbreak with 126 laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus among the approximately 2000-person crew. Methods During September 24–October 9, 2009, a retrospective seroepidemiologic investigation was conducted to characterize the outbreak. We administered questionnaires, reviewed medical records, and collected post-outbreak sera from systematically sampled crewmembers. We used real-time reverse transcription-PCR or microneutralization assays to detect evidence of H1N1 virus infection. Results Retrospective serologic data demonstrated that the overall H1N1 virus infection attack rate was 32%. Weighted H1N1 virus attack rates were higher among marines (37%), junior-ranking personnel (34%), and persons aged 19–24 years (36%). In multivariable analysis, a higher risk of illness was found for women versus men (odds ratio [OR] = 2·2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·1–4·4), marines versus navy personnel (OR = 1·7; 95% CI, 1·0–2·9), and those aged 19–24 versus ≥35 years (OR = 3·9; 95% CI, 1·2–12·8). Fifty-three percent of infected persons did not recall respiratory illness symptoms. Among infected persons, only 35% met criteria for acute respiratory illness and 11% for influenza-like illness. Conclusions Approximately half of H1N1 infections were asymptomatic, and thus, the attack rate was higher than estimated by clinical illness alone. Enhanced infection control measures including pre-embarkation illness screening, improved self-reporting of illness, isolation of ill and quarantine of exposed contacts, and prompt antiviral chemoprophylaxis and treatment might be useful in controlling shipboard influenza outbreaks.
- Subjects :
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Adult
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Attack rate
medicine.disease_cause
Antibodies, Viral
Asymptomatic
California
Disease Outbreaks
Young Adult
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Internal medicine
Epidemiology
Influenza, Human
Influenza A virus
medicine
Infection control
influenza A virus
Humans
Pandemics
Retrospective Studies
business.industry
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Outbreak
Odds ratio
Part 2 Pandemic H1N1 Papers
Original Articles
Infectious Diseases
H1N1 subtype
Military Personnel
Chemoprophylaxis
Immunology
Original Article
epidemiology
Female
medicine.symptom
business
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17502659 and 17502640
- Volume :
- 7
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....44f653118292a408539e885bc17cfd13