Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in patients with ischaemic heart failure: final 4‐year follow‐up of the MSC‐HF trial

AIMS The study assessed 4-year outcomes of intramyocardial injections of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with ischaemic heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS The MSC-HF trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomized 2:1 to intramyocardial injections of MSCs or placebo. The primary endpoint was change in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), measured by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Sixty patients aged 30-80 years with ischaemic heart failure, New York Heart Association class II-III, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)