Service and value co-production and co-creation in emergency services and emergency management

Service and value co-production and co-creation in emergency services and emergency management Introduction This special issue explores the phenomenon of co-producing and co-creating services, policies and knowledge and the creation or destruction of value in the delivery of emergency services and more broadly in the research and practice of emergency management Examples of this shift can be seen in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s promotion of the “Whole Community” approach (FEMA, 2011) and the recently released “Building cultures of Preparedness” (FEMA, 2018) [ ]service users and policy recipients now have to be taken into account during the design stage of a service since “the delivery and management of services are no longer just the preserve of professionals and managers — users and other members of the community are playing a large role in shaping decisions and outcomes” (Boivard, 2007, p 846) According to this perspective co-production entails the conscious or unconscious participation of the user in the delivery of the service as well as the creation or destruction of value (Osborne et al , 2016) (2019) have demonstrated how public value can be produced and/or created at the level of the individual as well as at the collective level and that it can be produced or created at the same time as private value is being created [ ]public and private entities and citizens can create public and private value and may at times create both simultaneously