Paleomagnetism of IODP Site U1380: Implications for the Forearc Deformation in the Costa Rican Erosive Convergent Margin

The destructive nature of subduction erosion poses challenges to fully understanding the evolution of erosive convergent margins that are critical to understanding crustal recycling and seismogenesis. Forearc deformation holds important clues to the evolution of erosive convergent margins. Here we present detailed paleomagnetic and structural analyses of IODP Site U1380 cores from the middle slope of the forearc of the Costa Rican erosive convergent margin. The analyses reveal a strong deformation zone from ~490 to ~550 mbsf that is characterized by abundant fissility/foliations shallower than the bedding. Similar relatively strong deformation zones are recognized from the frontal prism and upper slope sites, and are broadly correlative, forming a zone of strong deformation across the forearc. This zone spans ~2.0 to 1.83 Ma and the deformation likely occurred briefly at ~1.80 Ma. The widespread, short-lived, and strong deformation is interpreted as a result of intense subhorizontal shear following the rapid forearc subsidence driven by the dramatic subduction erosion associated with the abrupt onset of the Cocos Ridge subduction. Given the typical occurrence of forearc subsidence by subduction erosion, similar styles of deformation are probably common in other erosive convergent margins as well.