Coumarin-rich Grifola frondosa ethanol extract alleviate lipid metabolism disorders and modulates intestinal flora compositions of high-fat diet rats

This study investigated Grifola frondosa active substances extracted from low-concentration (55%) ethanol (GF55) and their role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders (GLMDs). The main components of GF55 were identified as fatty acids and coumarins by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS After the intervention of GF55, the serum and liver lipid level, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, free fatty acid, total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, liver histopathological and key genes, short-chain fatty acids and intestinal flora changed. Compared with HFD, GF55 treatment up-regulated the expressions of protein kinase B, glucokinase, adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α and cholesterol 7-α hydroxylase, down-regulated the expressions of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c at the mRNA and protein levels (P