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Hot and cold cognition in unmedicated depressed subjects with bipolar disorder
Hot and cold cognition in unmedicated depressed subjects with bipolar disorder
- Source :
- Bipolar disorders. 11(2)
- Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- Objectives: Neuropsychological studies in subjects with bipolar disorder (BD) have reported deficits on a variety of cognitive measures. However, because the majority of subjects were medicated at the time of testing in previous studies, it is currently unclear whether the pattern of deficits reported is related to BD itself or to psychotropic medication. We addressed this issue by examining cognitive performance in a group of unmedicated, currently depressed subjects with BD. Methods: Forty-nine unmedicated subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for BD, depressed phase, and 55 control subjects participated in this study. Most patients were diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. Performance on emotion-dependent, or ‘hot’, and emotion-independent, or ‘cold’, cognitive tasks was assessed using tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Results: The groups were well matched with respect to general intelligence and demographic variables. Deficits in the unmedicated depressed BD group were apparent on tests tapping ‘hot’ cognitive processing, for example the Cambridge Gamble task and the Probabilistic Reversal Learning task. However, other than a deficit on the Spatial Span test in the depressed BD subjects, the groups performed equivalently on most measures of ‘cold’ cognitive processing, for example visual memory, attention, and working memory. Conclusions: These data suggest that deficits on tests involving reward processing, short-term spatial memory storage, and sensitivity to negative feedback in depressed BD subjects represent an effect of the illness itself and not mood-stabilizing medication.
- Subjects :
- neurocognitive function
Adult
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Elementary cognitive task
Bipolar Disorder
Psychotherapeutic Processes
task-performance
Emotions
neuropsychology
Reversal Learning
abnormal response
Audiology
Neuropsychological Tests
Choice Behavior
Article
Bipolar II disorder
euthymic patients
Visual memory
Memory
unmedicated
medicine
Humans
Attention
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
Bipolar disorder
unipolar depression
Psychiatry
Biological Psychiatry
Problem Solving
Analysis of Variance
Electronic Data Processing
Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery
Neuropsychology
Cognition
decision-making
negative feedback
medicine.disease
Psychiatry and Mental health
hot cognition
Case-Control Studies
depression
spatial working-memory
parkinsons-disease
Female
sustained attention-deficit
Psychology
Cognition Disorders
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 13995618
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Bipolar disorders
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4079ddad8edd024d2de47e822a39a606