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Outcome and prognostic factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised adults: a prospective observational study
- Source :
- Annals of Intensive Care, Annals of Intensive Care, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2019)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Background Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) remains a severe disease associated with high rates of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and mortality. The objectives of this study were to assess early risk factors for severe PJP and 90-day mortality, including the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid cytology profiles at diagnosis. Methods We prospectively enrolled all patients meeting pre-defined diagnostic criteria for PJP admitted at Nantes university hospital, France, from January 2012 to January 2017. Diagnostic criteria for PJP were typical clinical features with microbiological confirmation of P. jirovecii cysts by direct examination or a positive specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Severe PJP was defined as hypoxemic acute respiratory failure requiring high-flow nasal oxygen with at least 50% FiO2, non-invasive ventilation, or MV. Results Of 2446 respiratory samples investigated during the study period, 514 from 430 patients were positive for P. jirovecii. Of these 430 patients, 107 met criteria for PJP and were included in the study, 53 (49.5%) patients had severe PJP, including 30 who required MV. All patients were immunocompromised with haematological malignancy ranking first (n = 37, 35%), followed by solid organ transplantation (n = 27, 25%), HIV-infection (n = 21, 20%), systemic diseases (n = 13, 12%), solid tumors (n = 12, 11%) and primary immunodeficiency (n = 6, 8%). By multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with severity were older age (OR, 3.36; 95% CI 1.4–8.5; p P. jirovecii microscopy-positive result from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (OR, 1.3; 95% CI 1.54–9.3; p p p p p Conclusions Older age and P. jirovecii oocysts at microscopic examination of BAL were independently associated with severe PJP. Both initial PJP severity as evaluated by the SOFA score and viral co-infection predicted 90-day mortality. Alveolitis at BAL examination was associated with less severe PJP. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying this observation deserves further investigation.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
High flow oxygen
medicine.medical_treatment
Direct examination
Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Anesthesiology
Internal medicine
Cytology
Alveolitis
Medicine
Haematological malignancies
030212 general & internal medicine
Mechanical ventilation
0303 health sciences
medicine.diagnostic_test
030306 microbiology
business.industry
Research
Mortality rate
lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid
lcsh:RC86-88.9
Early prognostic score
medicine.disease
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Primary immunodeficiency
SOFA score
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 21105820
- Volume :
- 9
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Annals of Intensive Care
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....4058adec92bb1a2debf278421d716c30