Cardiovascular risk factors control according to diabetes status and prior cardiovascular events in patients managed in different settings

Aims To document in recent cohorts the degree of control of major cardiovascular (CV) risk factors according to diabetes status and prior CV disease in different settings. Methods We studied men and women aged 50–75 years of whom 3028 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) managed at diabetes clinics participants of the TOSCA.IT (NCT00700856) study recruited in 2008–2014; 742 with T2DM managed mainly in primary care and 6753 without diabetes participating in the Moli-sani (NCT03242109) study and recruited in 2005–2010 from an adult general population. Results Among people without a prior CV event people with diabetes managed at diabetes clinics have lower LDL-cholesterol and blood pressure and a more frequent use of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications as compared to people with diabetes managed mainly in primary care and to people without diabetes. The proportions achieving the recommended treatment targets are respectively 47.4% vs 33.4% vs 29.5% for LDL-cholesterol and 42.6% vs 9.5% vs 47.4% for blood pressure. Figures for the participants with prior CV events were 26.8% vs 15.1% vs 42.5% for LDL-cholesterol and 43.8% vs 8.5% vs 43.6% for blood pressure. Conclusions The study documents that in modern cohorts a large proportion of people with or without diabetes does not achieve the treatment targets for LDL-cholesterol and blood pressure, both in primary and secondary CV prevention. People with diabetes attending diabetes clinics achieve a better control of major CV risk factors than those managed mainly in primary care, thus highlighting the relevant role of a structured model of care.