Effects of climate variability on insect pests of cabbage: adapting alternative planting dates and cropping pattern as control measures

Background Considering the potential impact of climate change on the ecology of insect pests, different planting dates and cropping patterns were investigated as farm-level adaption to control insect pests of cabbage and improve productivity. Methods This is a 3 × 4 factorial experiment setup in randomized complete block design including three planting dates (early, normal and late) and four cropping patterns (control—sole cabbage or tomato, tomato intercrop, Piper emulsion and insecticide) with four replications each. Results Cabbage infestation ranged from 1 to 29 and correlated negatively with planting dates or treatments, which differed (P