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TRPV4-Mediated Detection of Hyposmotic Stress by Skin Keratinocytes Activates Developmental Immunity
- Source :
- The Journal of Immunology. 196:738-749
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- The American Association of Immunologists, 2016.
-
Abstract
- As an organism is exposed to pathogens during very early development, specific defense mechanisms must take effect. In this study, we used a germ-free zebrafish embryo model to show that osmotic stress regulates the activation of immunity and host protection in newly hatched embryos. Mechanistically, skin keratinocytes were responsible for both sensing the hyposmolarity of the aquatic environment and mediating immune effector mechanisms. This occurred through a transient potential receptor vanilloid 4/Ca2+/TGF-β–activated kinase 1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Surprisingly, the genes encoding antimicrobial effectors, which do not have the potential to cause tissue damage, are constitutively expressed during development, independently of both commensal microbes and osmotic stress. Our results reveal that osmotic stress is associated with the induction of developmental immunity in the absence of tissue damage and point out to the embryo skin as the first organ with full capacities to mount an innate immune response.
- Subjects :
- Keratinocytes
0301 basic medicine
TRPV4
Embryo, Nonmammalian
Osmotic shock
Immunology
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
TRPV Cation Channels
Transfection
Transcriptome
03 medical and health sciences
Osmotic Pressure
Immunity
Animals
Immunology and Allergy
Zebrafish
Skin
Innate immune system
biology
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Effector
Zebrafish Proteins
biology.organism_classification
Immunity, Innate
Cell biology
030104 developmental biology
Signal transduction
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15506606 and 00221767
- Volume :
- 196
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The Journal of Immunology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....3f308c9916fe61401d3beb0f2627f713