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Incidence, risk factors and management of intractable diplopia
- Source :
- BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- BMJ, 2017.
-
Abstract
- AimsThere is a paucity of literature concerning intractable diplopia. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of intractable diplopia in the UK, identify the causes and any associated risk factors, establish how cases are managed and if the treatment is successful and tolerated.MethodsA 1-year prospective observational study was undertaken via the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit (BOSU). This involved implementation of a reporting mechanism, which then triggered distribution of an incident questionnaire to explore clinical details concerning each case and a follow-up questionnaire 6 months later to explore how the case had been managed.ResultsThe incidence of intractable diplopia was 53 cases per year. The most common preceding events were strabismus surgery (32%), no known preceding event, that is,spontaneous (25%), severe head trauma (8%), cataract surgery (6%) and vitrectomy (6%). In the at-risk age group of 7 years and above, the incidence of intractable diplopia following strabismus surgery is 1 in 494 (95% CI; 1 in 296 to 790) cases. A total of nine different treatments were used in the management, with many patients receiving between two and four different methods. The overall success rate was poor, but most effective were opaque intraocular lenses (IOLs) (86%) and opaque contact lenses (50%).ConclusionIntractable diplopia is a relatively rare but important condition. The main risk factor is a pre-existing strabismus, and careful counselling is needed when planning surgical correction in patients with no demonstrable binocular function. Treatment success of intractable diplopia is high when using opaque IOLs, although with additional risk, but is often disappointing via other methods where it can be difficult to eradicate the diplopia successfully.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
genetic structures
Contact Lenses
medicine.medical_treatment
Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors
Vitrectomy
Cataract Extraction
03 medical and health sciences
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
0302 clinical medicine
Risk Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Diplopia
medicine
Craniocerebral Trauma
Humans
Prospective Studies
Botulinum Toxins, Type A
Risk factor
Child
Strabismus
Aged
business.industry
Incidence
Incidence (epidemiology)
Middle Aged
Cataract surgery
United Kingdom
eye diseases
Sensory Systems
Surgery
Ophthalmology
Eyeglasses
030221 ophthalmology & optometry
Female
Observational study
medicine.symptom
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Strabismus surgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14682079 and 00071161
- Volume :
- 102
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- British Journal of Ophthalmology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....3f1ec930a088c2092a9b09fa475dfe96