Pharmacological strategies for improving the prognosis of glioblastoma

INTRODUCTION: Treatments for brain cancer have radically evolved in the past decade due to a better understanding of the interplay between the immune system and tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). However, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the most common and lethal CNS malignancy affecting adults. AREAS COVERED: The authors review the literature on glioblastoma pharmacologic therapies with a focus on trials of combination chemo-/immunotherapies and drug delivery platforms from 2015 to 2021. EXPERT OPINION: Few therapeutic advances in GBM treatment have been made since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the BCNU-eluting wafer, Gliadel, in 1996 and oral temozolomide (TMZ) in 2005. Recent advances in our understanding of GBM have promoted a wide assortment of new therapeutic approaches including combination therapy, immunotherapy, vaccines, and Car T-cell therapy along with developments in drug delivery. Given promising preclinical data, these novel pharmacotherapies for the treatment of GBM are currently being evaluated in various stages of clinical trials.