Significant alteration of IFN stimulated genes expression in MA104 cells infected with bovine rotavirus RF strain

The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) trigger signaling cascades, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). Rotavirus (RV) countermeasures against innate responses and understanding of these processes will improve our knowledge regarding immunopathogenesis of RV infection. In this study, we investigated the effect of RV RF strain on the important ISG candidate genes engaging in virus infections for which little information is known in RV RF strain. To this end, MA104 cells were mock/infected with RF followed by incubation in the presence or absence of IFN-α and the expression of MX1, OAS1, STAT1, ISG15, and ISG56 mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. All of ISGs' mRNAs showed higher expression levels in IFN I treated cells compared to virus-infected cells except for ISG56. Infecting the cells with RV and treatment with IFN type I led to overexpression of ISG56 compared to cells were either infected with the virus or only treated with IFN I. In conclusion, we showed that the RV RF strain efficiently blocks type I IFN-induced gene expression particularly ISG15, MX1, STAT, and OSA1 as antiviral proteins. Furthermore, viruses may use some ISGs such as ISG 56 to regulate IFN I signaling pathway, negatively.