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Impact of menopausal hormone formulations on pituitary-ovarian regulatory feedback
- Source :
- Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Changes in pituitary-ovarian hormones across the menopausal transition have multiple physiological consequences. However, little is known about how the major types of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) affect pituitary-ovarian hormonal relationships. This study evaluated these relationships in recently menopausal women (52.45 ± 2.49 yr of age) in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) who were compliant to randomized, double-blinded treatment with oral conjugated equine estrogen (o-CEE; n = 109), transdermal 17β-estradiol (t-E2; n = 107), or placebo ( n = 146). Androstenedione, testosterone, 17β-estradiol, estrone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured in serum before (baseline) and 48 mo after randomization to treatment. Descriptive summaries of hormone levels were performed, and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the effects of o-CEE, t-E2, and placebo on these hormone levels at 48 mo, adjusting for baseline levels. A network analysis examined the covariance of changes in hormone levels over the 48 mo within treatment groups. As expected, at 48 mo of treatment, hormone levels differed between women in the two active treatment groups compared with placebo, and network analysis indicated stronger relationships among hormone levels in the t-E2 and o-CEE groups compared with placebo. Associations among testosterone, 17β-estradiol, FSH, and LH differed between the o-CEE group compared with t-E2 and placebo groups. Thus, two common HT regimens differentially alter pituitary-ovarian hormone levels, altering feedback cycles and interhormonal associations in recently menopausal women. These interactions provide the basis for future studies investigating the impact of hormonal modulation of aging, including cognitive decline in women.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
Physiology
medicine.drug_class
medicine.medical_treatment
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Administration, Cutaneous
03 medical and health sciences
Follicle-stimulating hormone
0302 clinical medicine
Double-Blind Method
Physiology (medical)
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
Progesterone
Estradiol
business.industry
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
Ovary
Estrogens
Luteinizing Hormone
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
Androgen
Menopause
Endocrinology
Estrogen
Pituitary Gland
Female
Hormone therapy
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Hormone
Research Article
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15221490
- Volume :
- 317
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....3e3244e27a9812bd730fe8d744a3c404