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Effects of Lysine deficiency and Lys-Lys dipeptide on cellular apoptosis and amino acids metabolism
- Source :
- Molecular nutritionfood research. 61(9)
- Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- cope Lysine (Lys) is a common limiting amino acids (AA) for humans and animals and plays an important role in cell proliferation and metabolism, while metabolism of Lys deficiency and its dipeptide is still obscure. Thus, this study mainly investigated the effects of Lys deficiency and Lys-Lys dipeptide on apoptosis and AA metabolism in vitro and in vivo models. Methods and results Lys deficiency induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and upregulated Lys transporters in vitro and in vivo. SLC7A11, a cystine-glutamate antiporter, was markedly upregulated by Lys deficiency and then further mediated cystine uptake and glutamate release, which was negatively regulated by cystine and glutamate transporters. Meanwhile, Lys deprivation upregulated pept1 expression, which might improve Lys-Lys dipeptide absorption to compensate for the reduced Lys availability. Lys-Lys dipeptide alleviated Lys deficiency induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and influenced AA metabolism. Furthermore, the mammalian target of rapamycin signal might be involved in sensing cellular Lys starvation and Lys-Lys dipeptide. Conclusions Altogether, these studies suggest that Lys deficiency impairs AA metabolism and causes apoptosis. Lys-Lys dipeptide serves as a Lys source and alleviates Lys deficiency induced cellular imbalance.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Male
Swine
Lysine
Cystine
Apoptosis
SLC7A11
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Mice
Downregulation and upregulation
Animals
Amino Acids
Cells, Cultured
chemistry.chemical_classification
Mice, Inbred ICR
Dipeptide
biology
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
Transporter
Metabolism
Dipeptides
Amino acid
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
Biochemistry
biology.protein
Food Science
Biotechnology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16134133
- Volume :
- 61
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecular nutritionfood research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....3daaa6315004cacf7253a6104764906d