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Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positive neurological syndromes
- Source :
- Neurosciences
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- Riyadh : Armed Forces Hospital, 2016.
-
Abstract
- A rare kind of antibody, known as anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibody, is found in some patients. The antibody works against the GAD enzyme, which is essential in the formation of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the brain. Patients found with this antibody present with motor and cognitive problems due to low levels or lack of GABA, because in the absence or low levels of GABA patients exhibit motor and cognitive symptoms. The anti-GAD antibody is found in some neurological syndromes, including stiff-person syndrome, paraneoplastic stiff-person syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), limbic encephalopathy, cerebellar ataxia, eye movement disorders, and epilepsy. Previously, excluding MFS, these conditions were called ‘hyperexcitability disorders’. However, collectively, these syndromes should be known as “anti-GAD positive neurological syndromes.” An important limitation of this study is that the literature is lacking on the subject, and why patients with the above mentioned neurological problems present with different symptoms has not been studied in detail. Therefore, it is recommended that more research is conducted on this subject to obtain a better and deeper understanding of these anti-GAD antibody induced neurological syndromes.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Baclofen
Cerebellar Ataxia
medicine.medical_treatment
Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody
Review Article
Stiff-Person Syndrome
Bioinformatics
gamma-Aminobutyric acid
03 medical and health sciences
Epilepsy
0302 clinical medicine
Ocular Motility Disorders
Limbic Encephalitis
medicine
Humans
Immunologic Factors
GABA Modulators
Autoantibodies
Limbic encephalopathy
Diazepam
Miller Fisher Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia
biology
business.industry
Glutamate Decarboxylase
Autoantibody
Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
Plasmapheresis
medicine.disease
Psychiatry and Mental health
030104 developmental biology
GABA-B Receptor Agonists
Immunology
biology.protein
Neurology (clinical)
medicine.symptom
Antibody
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 13196138
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Neurosciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....3c2e6160363fac11ad9dc2144b8af75e