Long-term Adverse Effects of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment on Odontogenesis in a Child

Background Several studies showed that cancer therapies during tooth development are associated with dental abnormalities, including enamel defects, arrested tooth development, microdontic teeth, and agenesis. Study design We describe the case of a nine-year-old boy treated for acute myeloid leukemia at 15 months of age, who presents several dental abnormalities resulting from anticancer treatment. Results The patient was included and treated according to the ELAM 02 French protocol. Six years after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the intraoral and radiographic examination highlighted the agenesis of the second permanent molars and three of the four second premolars, microdontia of the first premolars, root stunting of the central incisors and first premolars, rootlessness of the first permanent molars, and enamel defects localized at the permanent incisors and canines. As a first step to reduce enamel defects, restorations with resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram® A2, Ivoclar Vivadent) were performed under a dental dam. Orthodontic treatment was contraindicated due to arrested tooth development, short roots, and a risk of resorption is considered too important. Conclusion The young age at diagnosis (