HOXA-10 gene expression in ectopic and eutopic endometrium tissues: Does it differ between fertile and infertile women with endometriosis?

Objective To compare HOXA-10 gene expression in eutopic endometrium samples, between fertile and infertile endometriosis patients and the fertile control cases, and in endometrium and endometrioma specimens, between severe and moderate endometriosis cases. Study Design Prospective clinical study included women without infertility and endometriosis (Group 1); women without infertility but with endometrioma (Group 2); and infertile women with endometrioma (Group 3). In addition, the Group 2 and 3 cohort were assessed based on the findings obtained during laparoscopy, based on the (rAFS) scoring, as women with a rAFS score of 16–40 were evaluated in Group A, whereas those with rAFS score above 40 were considered in Group B. HOXA-10 gene expression was evaluated in both secretory endometrium tissue and endometrioma specimens. Results Eutopic endometrium samples from group 2 (reference gene = 0,680 vs. target gene = 0,362) and group 3 (reference gene = 0,641 vs. target gene = 0,183) patients revealed a 1,871-fold and 3,509-fold decrease in HOXA-10 gene expression, respectively, as compared to group 1. Endometrial HOXA-10 gene expression was 1,778-fold down-regulated in group 3 women (reference gene = 1,510 vs. target gene = 0,850), when compared to group 2. Both eutopic endometrium and endometrioma tissue samples from severe endometriosis patients revealed 1,259-fold (reference gene = 1,523 vs. target gene = 1,210) and 1,338-fold (reference gene = 1,274 vs. target gene = 0,952), down-regulation in HOXA-10 gene expressions, respectively, as compared to moderate cases. Conclusion Endometrial HOXA-10 gene expression in women with endometriosis is significantly down-regulated than in those without endometriosis. Endometriosis patients with infertility have significantly lower levels of endometrial HOXA-10 gene expression than endometriosis without infertility; thus decreased expression of this gene may, directly or indirectly, be related with the endometriosis-associated infertility. Severe endometriosis cases express, in their both endometrium and endometrioma tissues, significantly lower levels of HOXA-10 gene than moderate endometriosis cases.