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Inverse Association of Female Hormone Replacement Therapy with Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Interactions withARMS2Polymorphisms
- Source :
- Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science. 51:1873
- Publication Year :
- 2010
- Publisher :
- Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), 2010.
-
Abstract
- Purpose. To investigate whether female reproductive history and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or birth control pills (BCPs) influence risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and whether genetic factors interact with HRT to modulate AMD risk. Methods. Related and unrelated female participants (n = 799) were examined and data were analyzed with generalized estimating equations with adjustment for age and smoking. Individuals with AMD grades 1 to 2 were considered to be unaffected (n = 239) and those with grades 3 to 5 were considered affected (n = 560). Results. When comparing all cases with controls, significant inverse associations were observed for HRT (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.90, P = 0.008) and BCPs (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.36-0.10, P = 0.048). When analyses were stratified by AMD severity (early versus geographic atrophy versus neovascular), the inverse association remained significant (HRT OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.30-0.66, P < 0.0001; BCP OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.96, P = 0.036) only when comparing neovascular AMD with the control. All pair-wise HRT-genotype and BCP-genotype interactions were examined, to determine whether HRT or BCP modifies the effect of established genetic risk factors. The strongest interactions were observed for HRT x ARMS2 coding SNP (R73H) rs10490923 (P = 0.007) and HRT x ARMS2 intronic SNP rs17623531 (P = 0.019). Conclusions. These findings provide the first evidence suggesting that ARMS2 interacts with HRT to modulate AMD risk and are consistent with previous reports demonstrating a protective relationship between exogenous estrogen use and neovascular AMD. These results highlight the genetic and environmental complexity of the etiologic architecture of AMD; however, further replication is necessary to validate them.
- Subjects :
- Oncology
medicine.medical_specialty
Inverse Association
Genotype
genetic structures
Population
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Macular Degeneration
Surveys and Questionnaires
Internal medicine
Odds Ratio
medicine
Humans
SNP
education
Reproductive History
Generalized estimating equation
Aged
education.field_of_study
business.industry
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
Proteins
Estrogens
Articles
Odds ratio
Macular degeneration
medicine.disease
eye diseases
Endocrinology
Female
sense organs
business
Contraceptives, Oral
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15525783
- Volume :
- 51
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....3a19e127d347a926058d42f132bc4c7a