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Dietary Modelling to Explore the Impact of Potassium Chloride Replacement for Sodium in Bread for Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease
- Source :
- Nutrients, Volume 13, Issue 7, Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 2472, p 2472 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Food manufacturers are increasingly substituting potassium chloride (KCl) in food products so as to reduce the sodium chloride content. Bread and bread products are common staple foods in many Western households and are a target for recipe reformulation using KCl. Given that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a medical condition of global importance that requires dietary potassium restriction in the later stages, we sought to evaluate the impact and safety of varying levels of KCl substitution in bread products. We undertook a secondary analysis of dietary data from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012 for 12,152 participants (154 participants with CKD). The sodium chloride content in bread and bread-based products was substituted with 20%, 30%, and 40% of KCl. The contribution of these alterations in the dietary potassium intake to the total daily potassium intake were then examined. The replacement of sodium in bread with varying amounts of KCl (20%, 30%, and 40%) resulted in one third of people with CKD exceeding the safe limits for dietary potassium consumption (31.8%, 32.6%, and 33%, respectively). KCl substitution in staple foods such as bread and bread products have serious and potentially fatal consequences for people who need to restrict dietary potassium. Improved food labelling is required for consumers to avoid excessive consumption.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Adult
Male
Potassium intake
Potassium
Sodium
bread
chemistry.chemical_element
Nutritional Status
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Article
Potassium Chloride
03 medical and health sciences
Eating
0302 clinical medicine
Secondary analysis
Medicine
Humans
salt
TX341-641
Food science
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Sodium Chloride, Dietary
030109 nutrition & dietetics
Nutrition and Dietetics
dietary modelling
Nutrition. Foods and food supply
business.industry
potassium
digestive, oral, and skin physiology
public health
Australia
Potassium, Dietary
food and beverages
medicine.disease
Nutrition Surveys
food labelling
Dietary Potassium
Diet
food supply
chemistry
Food labelling
Female
business
Dietary potassium intake
chronic kidney disease
Food Science
Kidney disease
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726643
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Nutrients
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....39fa6c27e657801895d76514e6b301fe