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Development of Rift valley fever encephalitis in rats is mediated by early infection of olfactory epithelium and neuroinvasion across the cribriform plate
- Source :
- The Journal of General Virology
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Microbiology Society, 2020.
-
Abstract
- The zoonotic emerging Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes sporadic disease in livestock and humans throughout Africa and the Saudi Arabian peninsula. Infection of people with RVFV can occur through mosquito bite or mucosal exposure during butchering or milking of infected livestock. Disease typically presents as a self-limiting fever; however, in rare cases, hepatitis, encephalitis and ocular disease may occur. Recent studies have illuminated the neuropathogenic mechanisms of RVFV in a rat aerosol infection model. Neurological disease in rats is characterized by breakdown of the blood–brain barrier late in infection, infiltration of leukocytes to the central nervous system (CNS) and massive viral replication in the brain. However, the route of RVFV entry into the CNS after inhalational exposure remains unknown. Here, we visualized the entire nasal olfactory route from snout to brain after RVFV infection using RNA in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence microscopy. We found widespread RVFV-infected cells within the olfactory epithelium, across the cribriform plate, and in the glomerular region of the olfactory bulb within 2 days of infection. These results indicate that the olfactory tract is a major route of infection of the brain after inhalational exposure. A better understanding of potential neuroinvasion pathways can support the design of more effective therapeutic regiments for the treatment of neurological disease caused by RVFV.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Rift Valley Fever
aerosol
encephalitis
030231 tropical medicine
Central nervous system
Cribriform plate
Biology
Negative-strand RNA Viruses
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Olfactory Mucosa
Virology
medicine
Animals
Encephalitis, Viral
Rift Valley fever
Inhalation Exposure
Animal
pathogenesis
medicine.disease
Rift Valley fever virus
Olfactory bulb
Rats
Disease Models, Animal
Ethmoid Bone
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Viral replication
cribriform plate
Rats, Inbred Lew
olfactory bulb
Female
Olfactory epithelium
Encephalitis
Olfactory tract
Research Article
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14652099 and 00221317
- Volume :
- 102
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The Journal of General Virology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....3987e44daa18b105785364ff5399ea25