Back to Search
Start Over
Longitudinal Development of Ocular Misalignment in Nonhuman Primate Models for Strabismus
- Source :
- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), 2020.
-
Abstract
- Purpose To investigate the longitudinal change in horizontal and vertical ocular alignment in normal and prism-reared infant monkeys during the critical developmental period. Methods Ocular alignment was measured using Hirschberg photographic methods in 6 infant monkeys reared under prism-viewing from day 1 after birth to 4 months, and 2 monkeys reared with normal visual experience. Photographs were acquired twice a week for the first 6 months of life and analyzed to identify pupil center and the first Purkinje image from which eye positions and strabismus angle were calculated. Results At 3 weeks after birth, prism monkeys presented with significant horizontal ocular misalignment. A gradual change in alignment was seen in all prism-reared monkeys stabilizing at approximately 11 weeks, at which time 5 monkeys were exotropic (mean, 16° XT; range, 13°-24°) and 1 monkey was esotropic (5° ET). A reduction in ocular misalignment was observed after exposure to normal visual environment at 16 weeks, but at 34 weeks of age, that is, 18 weeks after removal of prisms, prism-reared monkeys displayed a mean horizontal strabismus of 7° XT (range, 2° ET to 20° XT), which was still significantly different from normal monkeys. Conclusions Prism-rearing disrupts binocular fusion mechanisms, and horizontal and vertical strabismus is seen to develop as early as 3 weeks of age in monkey models, equivalent to approximately 3 months in humans. The time course of change in alignment overlaps with disruption in various visual sensory functions, suggesting a causal temporal link between sensory and motor mechanisms for alignment.
- Subjects :
- Male
medicine.medical_specialty
infant development
genetic structures
nonhuman primate
Cercopithecidae
Sensory system
050105 experimental psychology
Pupil
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Ophthalmology
medicine
Animals
0501 psychology and cognitive sciences
Longitudinal Studies
Strabismus
Hirschberg test
Visual Cortex
Neurons
Vision, Binocular
Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia and Neuro-ophthalmology
business.industry
05 social sciences
General Medicine
prism-viewing
Refractive Errors
Macaca mulatta
strabismus
eye diseases
Nonhuman primate
Longitudinal development
Disease Models, Animal
binocular decorrelation
Animals, Newborn
Time course
Female
sense organs
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15525783
- Volume :
- 61
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....38fb4ce0f8470b23af76d21c14dacdcf