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Realization of a three-dimensional photonic topological insulator
- Source :
- Nature. 565:622-626
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Confining photons in a finite volume is highly desirable in modern photonic devices, such as waveguides, lasers and cavities. Decades ago, this motivated the study and application of photonic crystals, which have a photonic bandgap that forbids light propagation in all directions1–3. Recently, inspired by the discoveries of topological insulators4,5, the confinement of photons with topological protection has been demonstrated in two-dimensional (2D) photonic structures known as photonic topological insulators6–8, with promising applications in topological lasers9,10 and robust optical delay lines11. However, a fully three-dimensional (3D) topological photonic bandgap has not been achieved. Here we experimentally demonstrate a 3D photonic topological insulator with an extremely wide (more than 25 per cent bandwidth) 3D topological bandgap. The composite material (metallic patterns on printed circuit boards) consists of split-ring resonators (classical electromagnetic artificial atoms) with strong magneto-electric coupling and behaves like a ‘weak’ topological insulator (that is, with an even number of surface Dirac cones), or a stack of 2D quantum spin Hall insulators. Using direct field measurements, we map out both the gapped bulk band structure and the Dirac-like dispersion of the photonic surface states, and demonstrate robust photonic propagation along a non-planar surface. Our work extends the family of 3D topological insulators from fermions to bosons and paves the way for applications in topological photonic cavities, circuits and lasers in 3D geometries. A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator is presented, made of split-ring resonators with strong magneto-electric coupling, which has an extremely wide topological bandgap, forbidding light propagation.
- Subjects :
- Photon
Band gap
FOS: Physical sciences
Physics::Optics
Physics - Classical Physics
02 engineering and technology
01 natural sciences
Resonator
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
0103 physical sciences
Physics::Optics and light [Science]
010306 general physics
Electronic band structure
Photonic crystal
Physics
Multidisciplinary
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
business.industry
Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
Fermion
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Topological Insulators
Metamaterials
Topological insulator
Optoelectronics
Photonics
0210 nano-technology
business
Physics - Optics
Optics (physics.optics)
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14764687 and 00280836
- Volume :
- 565
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Nature
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....389e78f4c504d637c77dd6130cf3e5c8
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0829-0