Back to Search
Start Over
Status of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) of The Gambia
- Source :
- Parasites & Vectors, Parasites & Vectors, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2019)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- BioMed Central, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Background Vector control activities, namely long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), have contributed significantly to the decreasing malaria burden observed in The Gambia since 2008. Nevertheless, insecticide resistance may threaten such success; it is important to regularly assess the susceptibility of local malaria vectors to available insecticides. Methods In the transmission seasons of 2016 and 2017, Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) larvae were sampled in or around the nine vector surveillance sentinel sites of the Gambia National Malaria Control Programme (GNMCP) and in a few additional sampling points. Using WHO susceptibility bioassays, female adult mosquitoes were exposed to insecticide-impregnated papers. Molecular identification of sibling species and insecticide resistance molecular markers was done on a subset of 2000 female mosquitoes. Results A total of 4666 wild-caught female adult mosquitoes were exposed to either permethrin (n = 665), deltamethrin (n = 744), DDT (n = 1021), bendiocarb (n = 990) or pirimiphos-methyl (n = 630) insecticide-impregnated papers and control papers (n = 616). Among the 2000 anophelines, 1511 (80.7%) were Anopheles arabiensis, 204 (10.9%) Anopheles coluzzii, 75 (4%) Anopheles gambiae (s.s.), and 83 (4.4%) An. gambiae (s.s.) and An. coluzzii hybrids. There was a significant variation in the composition and species distribution by regions and year, P = 0.009. Deltamethrin, permethrin and DDT resistance was found in An. arabiensis, especially in the coastal region, and was mediated by Vgsc-1014F/S mutations (odds ratio = 34, P = 0.014). There was suspected resistance to pirimiphos-methyl (actellic 300CS) in the North Bank Region although only one survivor had the Ace-1-119S mutation. Conclusions As no confirmed resistance to bendiocarb and actellic 300CS was detected, the national malaria control programme can continue using these insecticides for IRS. Nevertheless, the detection of Ace-1 119S mutation warrants extensive monitoring. The source of insecticide pressure driving insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and DDT detected at the coastal region should be further investigated in order to properly manage the spread of resistance in The Gambia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3538-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Veterinary medicine
Insecticides
Insecticide resistance
Anopheles gambiae
030231 tropical medicine
Indoor residual spraying
Bendiocarb
Mosquito Vectors
lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
parasitic diseases
Anopheles
Nitriles
Pyrethrins
medicine
Animals
lcsh:RC109-216
Permethrin
Larva
biology
Research
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Ace-1
3. Good health
Malaria
030104 developmental biology
Infectious Diseases
Deltamethrin
chemistry
Parasitology
kdr
Female
Gambia
Insecticide resistance management
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17563305
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Parasites & Vectors
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....3890630df5d9dc85166662761dc4afd7