Large area perovskite solar modules with improved efficiency and stability

The remarkable high power conversion efficiency (PCE) demonstrated by small area perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still not accomplished by a clear assessment on long-term stability, while scalability on large modules still penalized a feasible production for the photovoltaic market. In this work, we propose a route to easily produce large area (active area 70 cm2) perovskite solar module with stable performance under real working conditions. The employed graphene interface engineering (GIE) strategy, together with the use of stable polymeric hole transporting layer, allowed to achieve stabilized PCE overcoming 14% with a T 80 life-time (defined by the point at which device efficiency falls to 80% of the initial value) 27 times improved for PTAA cells compared to standard spiro-OMeTAD-based devices.