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Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of lutein disuccinate using uniform design
- Source :
- Ultrasonics sonochemistry. 21(1)
- Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- The ultrasound-assisted synthesis of lutein disuccinate from all-trans lutein (AL) and succinic anhydride (SA) was investigated in this study. Triethylamine was used as the catalyst. Based on the single-factor experiments, a 7-level-3-factor uniform design and response surface analysis were further employed to evaluate the effects of the selected variables including molar ratio of SA/AL, reaction time and ultrasonic power on the yield of lutein disuccinate. The results indicated that the data were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model; the molar ratio of SA/AL significantly affected the synthesis of lutein disuccinate, whereas reaction time and ultrasonic power did not. Based on ridge max analysis, the optimum condition for lutein disuccinate synthesis was predicted to be the molar ratio of SA/AL 265.3:1, ultrasonic power 300 W and reaction time 131.6 min with the lutein disuccinate yield of 80.53 ± 0.18%, which give a 43.8% increase compared with the traditional method, and also significantly shorten the reaction time.
- Subjects :
- Succinic Anhydrides
Lutein
Chromatography
Acoustics and Ultrasonics
Esterification
Organic Chemistry
Succinic anhydride
Succinates
Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic
Ultrasound assisted
eye diseases
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
chemistry
Molar ratio
Yield (chemistry)
Uniform design
Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)
Environmental Chemistry
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Ultrasonics
Triethylamine
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 18732828
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Ultrasonics sonochemistry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....381bbcfb09e2416dc0cbd2351fc17920