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Oxidative stress, hypoxia, and autophagy in the neovascular processes of age-related macular degeneration
- Source :
- BioMed Research International, Vol 2014 (2014), BioMed Research International
- Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe and irreversible loss of vision in the elderly in developed countries. AMD is a complex chronic neurodegenerative disease associated with many environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) seem to play a pivotal role in AMD pathogenesis. It is known that the macula receives the highest blood flow of any tissue in the body when related to size, and anything that can reduce the rich blood supply can cause hypoxia, malfunction, or disease. Oxidative stress can affect both the lipid rich retinal outer segment structure and the light processing in the macula. The response to oxidative stress involves several cellular defense reactions, for example, increases in antioxidant production and proteolysis of damaged proteins. The imbalance between production of damaged cellular components and degradation leads to the accumulation of detrimental products, for example, intracellular lipofuscin and extracellular drusen. Autophagy is a central lysosomal clearance system that may play an important role in AMD development. There are many anatomical changes in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch’s membrane, and choriocapillaris in response to chronic oxidative stress, hypoxia, and disturbed autophagy and these are estimated to be crucial components in the pathology of neovascular processes in AMD.
- Subjects :
- genetic structures
lcsh:Medicine
Review Article
Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Drusen
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Antioxidants
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Lipofuscin
Macular Degeneration
Autophagy
medicine
Humans
Elméleti orvostudományok
Hypoxia
chemistry.chemical_classification
Reactive oxygen species
Retinal pigment epithelium
Neovascularization, Pathologic
General Immunology and Microbiology
lcsh:R
General Medicine
Anatomy
Orvostudományok
Macular degeneration
Hypoxia (medical)
medicine.disease
eye diseases
Cell biology
Oxidative Stress
medicine.anatomical_structure
chemistry
sense organs
medicine.symptom
Reactive Oxygen Species
Oxidative stress
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BioMed Research International, Vol 2014 (2014), BioMed Research International
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....37e7072a8b76894336c8a8b428a76f84