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Relationship of serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 and schizophrenia-like symptoms in chronic ketamine abusers
- Source :
- Schizophrenia Research. 169:10-15
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Exposing to NMDAR receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, produces schizophrenia-like symptoms in humans and deteriorates symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Meanwhile, schizophrenia is associated with alterations of cytokines in the immune system. This study aims to examine the serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 levels in chronic human ketamine users as compared to healthy subjects. The correlations between the serum cytokines levels with the demographic, ketamine use characteristics and psychiatric symptoms were also assessed.155 subjects who fulfilled the criteria of ketamine dependence and 80 healthy control subjects were recruited. Serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The psychiatric symptoms of the ketamine abusers were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).Serum IL-6 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher, while serum TNF-α level was significantly lower among ketamine users than among healthy controls (p0.05). Serum TNF-α levels showed a significant negative association with PANSS total score (r=-0.210, p0.01) and negative subscore (r=-0.300, p0.01). No significant association was found between PANSS score and serum levels of IL-6 and IL-18.Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 were altered in chronic ketamine abusers which may play a role in schizophrenia-like symptoms in chronic ketamine abusers.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Adolescent
Substance-Related Disorders
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Article
Young Adult
Immune system
mental disorders
medicine
Humans
Ketamine
Young adult
Interleukin 6
Biological Psychiatry
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
biology
Illicit Drugs
Interleukin-6
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
business.industry
Interleukin-18
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
Psychiatry and Mental health
Schizophrenia
Anesthesia
Immunology
biology.protein
NMDA receptor
Female
Schizophrenic Psychology
Interleukin 18
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
business
Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
Blood Chemical Analysis
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 09209964
- Volume :
- 169
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Schizophrenia Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....36869c1a740e180b4a58ad2aba1339fd