Acute renal insufficiency and thrombocytopenia after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for uterine myomas

Objective Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USg-HIFU) has emerged in recent years as the new treatment modality for uterine myomas and adenomyosis with the advantages of being non-invasive, safe and effective. As its utility increases, adverse reactions emerge and deserve clinicians’ attention for experience accrual. We herein report a case who suffered from acute renal insufficiency and thrombocytopenia immediately after receiving HIFU for uterine myomas. Case report A 38-year-old nulliparous healthy female received HIFU for huge uterine myoma that caused heavy vaginal bleeding and chronic anemia. The procedure went smoothly but the patient immediately suffered from oliguria and dark-colored urine. With conservative management and aggressive hydration, her condition had improved spontaneously after 1 week without leaving any long-term sequelae. Myoma size reduced by 70% 3 months post-treatment and her bleeding problems significantly improved. Conclusion This is the first report of post-HIFU acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia. Thermal injuries, drug toxicity and mechanical obstruction of ureters are some plausible explanations for speculations.