Controlling nutritional status score for predicting 3-mo functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke

Background Malnutrition is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, the indicator of malnutrition has not yet been established. We investigated the relationship between the Controlling Nutritional Status score, a useful prognostic measure of malnutrition in patients with cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors, and functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Patients with acute ischemic stroke (n = 264, 71 ± 12 y old) were consecutively evaluated within 7 d of stroke onset. The Controlling Nutritional Status score was calculated from the serum albumin, total peripheral lymphocyte count, and total cholesterol; a Controlling Nutritional Status score of 5 to 12 was defined as malnutrition. Poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 3 to 6 at 3 mo. Results Of the total cohort, 230 patients (87.1%) were assessed. The patients with poor functional outcome (n = 85) were older; had a lower body mass index; had a higher frequency of atrial fibrillation, chronic heart failure, and anemia; and had a lower frequency of dyslipidemia and a current smoking status. In addition, the Controlling Nutritional Status score and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission were significantly higher for the patients with poor functional outcome. After multivariate analysis, adjusted for baseline characteristics, a Controlling Nutritional Status score of 5 to 12 was found to be independently associated with poor outcome (odds ratio: 4.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–11.67, P = 0.005). Conclusions The Controlling Nutritional Status score at admission could be a useful prognostic marker of 3-mo functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.