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Natural History of Aerosol-Induced Ebola Virus Disease in Rhesus Macaques
- Source :
- Viruses, Volume 13, Issue 11, Viruses, Vol 13, Iss 2297, p 2297 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a serious global health concern because case fatality rates are approximately 50% due to recent widespread outbreaks in Africa. Well-defined nonhuman primate (NHP) models for different routes of Ebola virus exposure are needed to test the efficacy of candidate countermeasures. In this natural history study, four rhesus macaques were challenged via aerosol with a target titer of 1000 plaque-forming units per milliliter of Ebola virus. The course of disease was split into the following stages for descriptive purposes: subclinical, clinical, and decompensated. During the subclinical stage, high levels of venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide led to respiratory acidemia in three of four of the NHPs, and all developed lymphopenia. During the clinical stage, all animals had fever, viremia, and respiratory alkalosis. The decompensatory stage involved coagulopathy, cytokine storm, and liver and renal injury. These events were followed by hypotension, elevated lactate, metabolic acidemia, shock and mortality similar to historic intramuscular challenge studies. Viral loads in the lungs of aerosol-exposed animals were not distinctly different compared to previous intramuscularly challenged studies. Differences in the aerosol model, compared to intramuscular model, include an extended subclinical stage, shortened clinical stage, and general decompensated stage. Therefore, the shortened timeframe for clinical detection of the aerosol-induced disease can impair timely therapeutic administration. In summary, this nonhuman primate model of aerosol-induced EVD characterizes early disease markers and additional details to enable countermeasure development.
- Subjects :
- Male
Macaca mulatta
aerosol
Viremia
virus
medicine.disease_cause
Microbiology
Article
Virus
Viral hemorrhagic fever
Kikwit
Virology
medicine
Animals
respiratory alkalosis
viral hemorrhagic fever
Zaire
Subclinical infection
Aerosols
Ebola virus
biology
business.industry
telemetry
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola
Viral Load
Ebolavirus
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
QR1-502
Disease Models, Animal
Rhesus macaque
Infectious Diseases
natural history
Ebola
cytokine storm
Immunology
RNA, Viral
Female
Cytokine storm
business
Viral load
rhesus macaque
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19994915
- Volume :
- 13
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Viruses
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....33f351d2a8b4d1d1c1df7a38651cdef1