Mass Transfer of Carbaryl from Pure Water to Salt Aqueous Solution: Result Comparison Between Sea and Lab-Made Water

It is well known that mass transfer of a solid compound into a liquid phase is characterized by mutual properties of both sides. Solubilization capacity of the liquid phase is primary affected by its composition in inorganic species inducing salting in/out effect evaluated by Setschenow constant, generally defined at 298.15 K. On the other hand, the equilibrium process is highly influenced by polar compatibility issue. Therefore, the study of such transfer is essential in order to set the role of each party participating in the solid–liquid equilibrium. Thus, a comparison of transfer magnitude and feasibility of carbaryl from pure water, to seawater, and lab-made seawater was held. To do so, solubility of the compound was experimented at different temperature in multiple media. Solubility determination is based on the saturation of a specific heated fluid passing through a saturation cell. The solute transported is subsequently trapped in a specific extraction column. Back flashing method is then applied to dissolve the compound. After validation, aqueous solubility of carbaryl was studied as function of temperature ranging from (273.15 to 318.15 K) at atmospheric pressure. In addition, solubility was determined in pure, seawater, and corresponding lab-made water, thus solubility values ranged from 3.57E-06 to 3.49E-05 in pure water, from 3.04E-06 to 2.53E-05 in seawater and from 6.51E-06 to 3.61E-05 in lab-made water. As a result, thermophysical properties of transfer and usage of lab-made water on the mass transfer properties divergence was spotted. The Salting out phenomenon observed for carbaryl was interpreted by the internal pressure theory that suggests the reduction of internal cavities in the presence of salt, making solubilization process more difficult to achieve. Thus, showing an overall endogenic process with a positive Gibbs free energy of transfer that is highly affected by the magnitude of salting out effect and the temperature. The molar entropy of transfer increases versus temperature caused by the disorder of solvent molecules due to the dissolution process.