Effect of chito-oligosaccharide on the oral absorptions of phenolic acids of Flos Lonicerae extract

Graphical abstract
Phenolic acids, the main active ingredients in Flos Lonicerae extract possess strong antibacterial, antioxidant and antiviral effects, and their contents was higher largely than that of other ingredients such as flavones, but the absolute bioavailability orally was significantly low, which is significant low influencing clinical efficacies of its oral preparations. In the present study, in vitro Caco-2 cell, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion and in vivo pharmacokinetics study were performed to investigate the effects of COS on the intestinal absorption of phenolic acids. The pharmacological effects such as antiviral activity improvement by COS were verified by MDCK cell damage inhibition rate after influenza virus propagation. The observations from in vitro Caco-2 cell showed that the absorption of phenolic acids in Flos Lonicerae extract could be improved by COS. Meanwhile, COS at the same low, medium and high concentrations caused a significant, concentration-dependent increase in the Papp-value for phenolic acids compared to the control group (p