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Chemical Removal of Cu and Zn from Swine Feces before Soil Application
- Source :
- Agriculture, Vol 11, Iss 377, p 377 (2021), Agriculture, Volume 11, Issue 5
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Cu and Zn are known to be abundant in swine feces<br />hence, concentrations of these metals need to be lowered before swine feces are applied to land in order to prevent potential environmental problems. The main objective of this study was to develop an appropriate chemical process to remove Cu and Zn from swine feces using acid extractions. The removal efficiencies of Cu and Zn decreased in the order of H2SO4 &gt<br />HNO3 &gt<br />organic acids (citric and oxalic acids). Owing to the highest removal efficiencies of Cu and Zn by using H2SO4, it was selected for further elimination of Cu and Zn from swine feces. By using H2SO4, the optimal concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio, and reaction time were 2%, 1:50, and 8 h, respectively. At the optimum conditions, Cu concentration was decreased from 198 mg/kg to 40.1 mg/kg and Zn concentration from 474 mg/kg to 80.0 mg/kg, with removal rates of 79.7% and 83.1%, respectively. The low Cu removal efficiency, resulting from the strong complexation between Cu and organic matter of swine feces, was improved by the increase in the reaction time and H2SO4 solution concentrations. However, about half of the total nitrogen (TN) was also removed by using H2SO4, indicating that the swine feces treated with H2SO4 may have poor value as fertilizer. Additional studies are required to find an optimal method to maintain TN concentrations while simultaneously removing Cu and Zn.
- Subjects :
- chemistry.chemical_classification
swine feces
removal
Agriculture (General)
metals
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
Plant Science
010501 environmental sciences
engineering.material
fertilizer
01 natural sciences
S1-972
sludge
chemistry
Environmental chemistry
040103 agronomy & agriculture
engineering
Total nitrogen
0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Organic matter
Fertilizer
Agronomy and Crop Science
Feces
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Food Science
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20770472
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 377
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Agriculture
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....30729b235f91da3e7dd8f059a962bc01