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Schema learning for the cocktail party problem
- Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018.
-
Abstract
- The cocktail party problem requires listeners to infer individual sound sources from mixtures of sound. The problem can be solved only by leveraging regularities in natural sound sources, but little is known about how such regularities are internalized. We explored whether listeners learn source "schemas"-the abstract structure shared by different occurrences of the same type of sound source-and use them to infer sources from mixtures. We measured the ability of listeners to segregate mixtures of time-varying sources. In each experiment a subset of trials contained schema-based sources generated from a common template by transformations (transposition and time dilation) that introduced acoustic variation but preserved abstract structure. Across several tasks and classes of sound sources, schema-based sources consistently aided source separation, in some cases producing rapid improvements in performance over the first few exposures to a schema. Learning persisted across blocks that did not contain the learned schema, and listeners were able to learn and use multiple schemas simultaneously. No learning was evident when schema were presented in the task-irrelevant (i.e., distractor) source. However, learning from task-relevant stimuli showed signs of being implicit, in that listeners were no more likely to report that sources recurred in experiments containing schema-based sources than in control experiments containing no schema-based sources. The results implicate a mechanism for rapidly internalizing abstract sound structure, facilitating accurate perceptual organization of sound sources that recur in the environment.
- Subjects :
- Auditory scene analysis
Computer science
media_common.quotation_subject
computer.software_genre
Cocktail party effect
050105 experimental psychology
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Perceptual learning
Schema (psychology)
Perception
Source separation
Humans
Learning
Attention
0501 psychology and cognitive sciences
Sound Localization
media_common
Multidisciplinary
business.industry
05 social sciences
Implicit learning
Acoustic Stimulation
PNAS Plus
Auditory Perception
Sound sources
Artificial intelligence
Cues
Noise
business
computer
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Natural language processing
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10916490 and 00278424
- Volume :
- 115
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2f58438b806ad9a9f9251254bf52b621