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Uroplakins play conserved roles in egg fertilization and acquired additional urothelial functions during mammalian divergence
- Source :
- Molecular Biology of the Cell
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), 2018.
-
Abstract
- Uroplakin (UP) tetraspanins and their associated proteins are major mammalian urothelial differentiation products that form unique two-dimensional crystals of 16-nm particles (“urothelial plaques”) covering the apical urothelial surface. Although uroplakins are highly expressed only in mammalian urothelium and are often referred to as being urothelium specific, they are also expressed in several mouse nonurothelial cell types in stomach, kidney, prostate, epididymis, testis/sperms, and ovary/oocytes. In oocytes, uroplakins colocalize with CD9 on cell-surface and multivesicular body-derived exosomes, and the cytoplasmic tail of UPIIIa undergoes a conserved fertilization-dependent, Fyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation that also occurs in Xenopus laevis eggs. Uroplakin knockout and antibody blocking reduce mouse eggs’ fertilization rate in in vitro fertilization assays, and UPII/IIIa double-knockout mice have a smaller litter size. Phylogenetic analyses showed that uroplakin sequences underwent significant mammal-specific changes. These results suggest that, by mediating signal transduction and modulating membrane stability that do not require two-dimensional-crystal formation, uroplakins can perform conserved and more ancestral fertilization functions in mouse and frog eggs. Uroplakins acquired the ability to form two-dimensional-crystalline plaques during mammalian divergence, enabling them to perform additional functions, including umbrella cell enlargement and the formation of permeability and mechanical barriers, to protect/modify the apical surface of the modern-day mammalian urothelium.
- Subjects :
- Male
0301 basic medicine
Cell type
Litter Size
Genetic Speciation
Zygote
Cellular differentiation
Parthenogenesis
Xenopus
Biology
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn
urologic and male genital diseases
Tetraspanin 29
Mice
Xenopus laevis
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Testis
Uroplakins
Animals
Phosphorylation
Urothelium
Molecular Biology
Phylogeny
Mice, Knockout
Ovary
Cell Differentiation
Tyrosine phosphorylation
Articles
Cell Biology
biology.organism_classification
Cell biology
030104 developmental biology
Gene Expression Regulation
chemistry
Membrane Trafficking
Cytoplasm
Fertilization
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Oocytes
Female
Signal transduction
Signal Transduction
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19394586 and 10591524
- Volume :
- 29
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecular Biology of the Cell
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2ef7b621d79ccb30ac6b6c5096db8a08