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Ecotoxicological assessment of cobalt using Hydra model: ROS, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis as mechanisms of toxicity
- Source :
- Environmental Pollution. 224:54-69
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2017.
-
Abstract
- The mechanisms underlying cobalt toxicity in aquatic species in general and cnidarians in particular remain poorly understood. Herein we investigated cobalt toxicity in a Hydra model from morphological, histological, developmental, and molecular biological perspectives. Hydra, exposed to cobalt (0–60 mg/L), were altered in morphology, histology, and regeneration. Exposure to standardized sublethal doses of cobalt impaired feeding by affecting nematocytes, which in turn affected reproduction. At the cellular level, excessive ROS generation, as the principal mechanism of action, primarily occurred in the lysosomes, which was accompanied by the upregulation of expression of the antioxidant genes SOD, GST, GPx, and G6PD. The number of Hsp70 and FoxO transcripts also increased. Interestingly, the upregulations were higher in the 24-h than in the 48-h time-point group, indicating that ROS overwhelmed the cellular defense mechanisms at the latter time-point. Comet assay revealed DNA damage. Cell cycle analysis indicated the induction of apoptosis accompanied or not by cell cycle arrest. Immunoblot analyses revealed that cobalt treatment triggered mitochondria-mediated apoptosis as inferred from the modulation of the key proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. From this data, we suggest the use of Hydra as a model organism for the risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Cell cycle checkpoint
Hydra
DNA damage
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Apoptosis
010501 environmental sciences
Biology
Toxicology
medicine.disease_cause
01 natural sciences
Antioxidants
03 medical and health sciences
Metals, Heavy
medicine
Animals
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Caspase 3
Regeneration (biology)
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Cobalt
General Medicine
Pollution
Mitochondria
Cell biology
Comet assay
Oxidative Stress
030104 developmental biology
Toxicity
Lernaean Hydra
Comet Assay
Lysosomes
Reactive Oxygen Species
Oxidative stress
DNA Damage
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 02697491
- Volume :
- 224
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental Pollution
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2ede16b5d51ef1c7c4903b8a3b7f33a0