Back to Search
Start Over
Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles at a Crossroads of Vaccines and Immunotherapies
- Source :
- Molecules
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Vaccines and immunotherapies involve a variety of technologies and act through different mechanisms to achieve a common goal, which is to optimize the immune response against an antigen. The antigen could be a molecule expressed on a pathogen (e.g., a disease-causing bacterium, a virus or another microorganism), abnormal or damaged host cells (e.g., cancer cells), environmental agent (e.g., nicotine from a tobacco smoke), or an allergen (e.g., pollen or food protein). Immunogenic vaccines and therapies optimize the immune response to improve the eradication of the pathogen or damaged cells. In contrast, tolerogenic vaccines and therapies retrain or blunt the immune response to antigens, which are recognized by the immune system as harmful to the host. To optimize the immune response to either improve the immunogenicity or induce tolerance, researchers employ different routes of administration, antigen-delivery systems, and adjuvants. Nanocarriers and adjuvants are of particular interest to the fields of vaccines and immunotherapy as they allow for targeted delivery of the antigens and direct the immune response against these antigens in desirable direction (i.e., to either enhance immunogenicity or induce tolerance). Recently, nanoparticles gained particular attention as antigen carriers and adjuvants. This review focuses on a particular subclass of nanoparticles, which are made of nucleic acids, so-called nucleic acid nanoparticles or NANPs. Immunological properties of these novel materials and considerations for their clinical translation are discussed.
- Subjects :
- safety
medicine.medical_treatment
Pharmaceutical Science
translation
02 engineering and technology
Review
Theranostic Nanomedicine
Analytical Chemistry
Translational Research, Biomedical
03 medical and health sciences
Immune system
Drug Delivery Systems
Antigen
Adjuvants, Immunologic
antibody
Nucleic Acids
Drug Discovery
medicine
preclinical
Vaccines, DNA
antigen-presenting cells
Animals
Humans
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Antigen-presenting cell
Pathogen
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
immunotoxicity
biology
nanotechnology
Immunogenicity
Organic Chemistry
in vitro
Immunotherapy
vaccines
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
in vivo
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
adjuvants
Immunology
biology.protein
Molecular Medicine
Nanoparticles
Antibody
Nanocarriers
0210 nano-technology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14203049
- Volume :
- 24
- Issue :
- 24
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecules
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2e674e5f074d81f2d93227c25a9e871f