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Design and application of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy
- Source :
- Current Opinion in Biotechnology
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- The approval of the first oncolytic virus (OV) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and the recent discovery that the use of oncolytic viruses may enhance cancer immunotherapies targeted against various immune checkpoint proteins have attracted great interest in the field of cancer virotherapy. OVs are designed to target and kill cancer cells leaving normal cell unharmed. OV infection and concomitant cancer cell killing stimulate anti-tumour immunity and modulates tumour microenvironment towards less immunosuppressive phenotype. The intrinsic capacity of OVs to turn immunologically cold tumours into immunologically hot tumours, and to increase immune cell and cytokine infiltration, can be further enhanced by arming OVs with transgenes that increase their immunostimulatory activities and direct immune responses specifically towards cancer cells. These OVs, specifically engineered to be used as cancer immunotherapeutics, can be synergized with other immune modulators or cytotoxic agents to achieve the most potent immunotherapy for cancer.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
ADCD40L GENE-THERAPY
medicine.medical_treatment
3122 Cancers
Biomedical Engineering
TALIMOGENE LAHERPAREPVEC
Bioengineering
01 natural sciences
03 medical and health sciences
Immune system
Cancer immunotherapy
Neoplasms
010608 biotechnology
Tumor Microenvironment
medicine
Humans
Virotherapy
030304 developmental biology
Oncolytic Virotherapy
0303 health sciences
318 Medical biotechnology
business.industry
HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS
NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA
GM-CSF
VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS
Immunotherapy
COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR
Immune checkpoint
3. Good health
Oncolytic virus
IMMUNE CHECKPOINT BLOCKADE
Oncolytic Viruses
NEWCASTLE-DISEASE-VIRUS
Cancer cell
Cancer research
Talimogene laherparepvec
business
Biotechnology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 09581669
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Current Opinion in Biotechnology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2defc927d96df87a240f985584d5b48f
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.016