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Human Papillomavirus Oral Infection: Review of Methodological Aspects and Epidemiology
- Source :
- Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1411, p 1411 (2021), Pathogens
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Oral infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has recently gained great attention because of its involvement in the development of a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The role of specific Alpha-HPVs in this regard has been well established, whereas the contribution of other genera is under investigation. Despite their traditional classification as “cutaneous” types, Beta and Gamma HPVs are frequently detected in oral samples. Due to the lack of a standardized protocol, a large variety of methodologies have been used for oral sample collection, DNA extraction, HPV detection and genotyping. Laboratory procedures influence the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, which largely varies also according to the population characteristics, e.g., age, gender, sexual behavior, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status. Nevertheless, oral infection by Beta and Gamma HPVs seems to be even more common than Alpha-HPVs. The latter is 5–7% in the general population, and increases up to 30% approximately in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Despite major advances in the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, its natural history is still little understood, especially for Beta and Gamma HPVs. The latest technologies, such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), can be exploited to gain new insights into oral HPV, and to improve the identification of novel HPV types.
- Subjects :
- Microbiology (medical)
Oncology
medicine.medical_specialty
food.ingredient
Gammapapillomavirus
prevalence
Population
Review
clearance
Alphapapillomavirus
Men who have sex with men
food
oropharyngeal infection
Internal medicine
oral infection
Epidemiology
medicine
Immunology and Allergy
Betapapillomavirus
education
Molecular Biology
Genotyping
education.field_of_study
General Immunology and Microbiology
business.industry
Incidence (epidemiology)
detection method
virus diseases
Human Papillomavirus
medicine.disease
Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma
female genital diseases and pregnancy complications
Infectious Diseases
incidence
Medicine
Sample collection
business
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20760817
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 1411
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Pathogens
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2c78a19fb96b1a8bf0cccef7bf31be7f