Aortobronchial fistula late after transverse arch replacement

We report an unusual case of aortobronchial fistula late after transverse arch replacement caused by the remnant of a temporary bypass near the ascending aorta. In reconstructive surgery of the ascending aorta, antegrade perfusion is preferably performed through a side branch after completion of the distal anastomosis by some surgeons. This report suggests possible risk of a serious late complication unless the side branch is placed and tailored properly.